Gynecologic oncology: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of gynecologic cancers
Gynecologic oncology covers suspicion, diagnosis, staging, surgery and other treatment, and follow-up of cancers of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vulva and vagina. This guide explains each step in plain language. It is general information and does not replace a medical examination.
Gynecologic cancers: start here.
Diagnosis and staging of gynecologic cancers
What do biopsy, imaging and staging mean?
Read the guide →Family and genetic risk (BRCA, Lynch)
What BRCA1/2 and Lynch syndrome mean for ovarian and uterine cancer risk, who should consider genetic counseling, and what happens if a change is…
Read the guide →Follow-up after gynecologic cancer treatment
Why follow-up matters after gynecologic cancer treatment and what happens at checkups. Signs of recurrence, life after treatment and when to seek care…
Read the guide →Gynecologic cancer symptoms: when should you take them seriously?
Postmenopausal bleeding, bloating, an ovarian mass, unusual discharge: symptoms of gynecologic cancer and when a specialist evaluation is needed.
Read the guide →How to read a pathology report
What do tumor type, grade, invasion and surgical margin mean on a pathology report?
Read the guide →Is endometrial hyperplasia (thickening of the uterine lining) cancer?
What endometrial hyperplasia is and whether it is cancer. Hyperplasia with and without atypia, risk factors, biopsy, hormone therapy, surgery and…
Read the guide →Ovarian mass: cyst or cancer?
Does a cyst or mass on the ovary mean cancer?
Read the guide →Surgery and treatment for gynecologic cancers
How are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other drug treatments planned for gynecologic cancers?
Read the guide →What happens after a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)?
When is a hysterectomy done?
Read the guide →What is cervical cancer?
What cervical cancer is, its symptoms and its link to HPV. Diagnosis, staging, treatment approaches, fertility, and the role of vaccination and…
Read the guide →What is ovarian cancer?
What ovarian cancer is and why its symptoms are vague. Bloating, diagnosis with ultrasound and CA-125, BRCA and genetic risk, treatment and follow-up.
Read the guide →What is uterine (endometrial) cancer?
What uterine (endometrial) cancer is and its symptoms. Bleeding after menopause, risk factors, diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow-up after…
Read the guide →What should you do if you bleed after menopause?
What causes bleeding after menopause?
Read the guide →More topics in this area are currently available in Turkish: Jinekolojik Onkoloji (Turkish). English versions are added over time.
Common questions
Which cancers does gynecologic oncology deal with?
Mainly cancers of the cervix, the endometrium (uterus) and the ovaries, as well as cancers of the vulva and vagina. Each type has a different course and evaluation.
What is the link between cervical cancer and HPV?
Persistent high-risk HPV infection is considered an important factor in the development of cervical cancer; this is why regular screening and vaccination are valued for prevention.
Is abnormal bleeding always a sign of cancer?
No. Abnormal bleeding has many possible causes, and most are not cancer; it is still appropriate to see a doctor so the cause can be evaluated.
Why is follow-up after treatment important?
Follow-up aims to monitor the period after treatment at regular intervals and to notice possible changes early. The follow-up plan is individual and is set by the doctor.
How appointments work
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Mat works at a public institution in Türkiye. Appointments are made through the national MHRS system; this site has no booking form or private booking channel.